What this calculator does

Takes property value, monthly rent, and annual costs. Returns gross yield, net yield, and annual net income.

The formula

Gross yield = (Annual rent / Property value) × 100

Net yield = (Annual rent − Annual costs) / Property value × 100

Annual net income = Annual rent − Annual costs

Annual costs typically include:
  - Letting agent fees (typically 8–15% of rent)
  - Landlord insurance
  - Maintenance and repairs allowance
  - Void period allowance
  - Ground rent / service charge (leasehold)

Note: mortgage interest is NOT included in yield — it is a financing cost,
not an operating cost. Net yield is pre-finance.

Assumptions

  • Annualised rent assumes full occupancy minus any void allowance entered by the user.
  • All costs are entered by the user — the calculator does not estimate them automatically.
  • Mortgage payments are excluded from net yield, as yield is a measure of operating return on the asset, not return on equity.
  • Property value is taken as the current market value or purchase price — the user selects which is appropriate.

Data sources

No external regulatory data sources are used. Gross yield and net yield are standard property investment metrics; they have no statutory or regulatory definition. The formulas applied are universally accepted conventions within the UK property investment industry.

Limitations

  • Does not calculate return on investment (ROI) including mortgage leverage — a leveraged property investment can show a much higher return on the cash deployed than the gross or net yield figure suggests.
  • Does not model capital growth — yield is an income return measure only.
  • Does not model income tax on rental profit. Use the income tax calculator to estimate the tax due on net rental income.
  • Section 24 mortgage interest restriction is not modelled here — since April 2020, residential landlords can only claim a 20% basic rate tax credit on mortgage interest rather than deducting it in full. This affects cash-after-tax returns but not yield as conventionally calculated.
  • Does not include stamp duty, purchase costs, or capital improvements in the yield calculation.

Worked example

Inputs: property value £220,000, monthly rent £1,100, annual costs £2,200.

Annual rent = £1,100 × 12 = £13,200

Gross yield = (£13,200 / £220,000) × 100 = 6.0%

Net yield = (£13,200 − £2,200) / £220,000 × 100
          = £11,000 / £220,000 × 100
          = 5.0%

Annual net income = £11,000

Changelog

Date Change
May 2026 Initial publication

Use the BTL Yield Calculator →